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It is not supported by the earliest ballads. This view first gained currency in the 16th century.

In modern popular culture, Robin Hood is typically seen as a contemporary and supporter of the late-12th-century king Richard the Lionheart, Robin being driven to outlawry during the misrule of Richard's brother John while Richard was away at the Third Crusade. The latter has been part of the legend since at least the later 15th century, when he is mentioned in a Robin Hood play script. Little John, Much the Miller's Son, and Will Scarlet (as Will "Scarlok" or "Scathelocke") all appear, although not yet Maid Marian or Friar Tuck. In these early accounts, Robin Hood's partisanship of the lower classes, his devotion to the Virgin Mary and associated special regard for women, his outstanding skill as an archer, his anti-clericalism, and his particular animosity towards the Sheriff of Nottingham are already clear. However, the earliest surviving copies of the narrative ballads that tell his story date to the second half of the 15th century, or the first decade of the 16th century. Robin Hood is also mentioned in a famous Lollard tract dated to the first half of the fifteenth century (thus also possibly predating his other earliest historical mentions) alongside several other folk heroes such as Guy of Warwick, Bevis of Hampton, and Sir Lybeaus. 1402) and a complaint in Dives and Pauper (1405–1410) that people would rather listen to "tales and songs of Robin Hood" than attend Mass. The first clear reference to "rhymes of Robin Hood" is from the alliterative poem Piers Plowman, thought to have been composed in the 1370s, followed shortly afterwards by a quotation of a later common proverb, "many men speak of Robin Hood and never shot his bow", in Friar Daw's Reply ( c.

5.3 In 17th-century Forresters Manuscript.

5.1 In 15th- or early 16th-century copies.

4.10.1 Other place-names and references.

4.6 Church of Saint Mary Magdalene at Campsall.

1.10 Films, animations, new concepts and other adaptations.

1.2 Early plays, May Day games, and fairs.

At least eight plausible origins to the story have been mooted by historians and folklorists, including suggestions that "Robin Hood" was a stock alias used by or in reference to bandits. There are numerous references to historical figures with similar names that have been proposed as possible evidence of his existence, some dating back to the late 13th century. The historicity of Robin Hood has been debated for centuries. In popular culture, the term "Robin Hood" is often used to describe a heroic outlaw or rebel against tyranny. Robin Hood is considered one of the best-known tales of English folklore. There have been numerous variations and adaptations of the story over the subsequent years, and the story continues to be widely represented in literature, film, and television. The earliest known ballads featuring him are from the 15th century. He became a popular folk figure in the Late Middle Ages. His partisanship of the common people and his hostility to the Sheriff of Nottingham are early recorded features of the legend, but his interest in the rightfulness of the king is not, and neither is his setting in the reign of Richard I. The Sheriff is often depicted as assisting Prince John in usurping the rightful but absent King Richard, to whom Robin Hood remains loyal. These include his lover, Maid Marian, his band of outlaws, the Merry Men, and his chief opponent, the Sheriff of Nottingham. Through retellings, additions, and variations, a body of familiar characters associated with Robin Hood has been created. Traditionally depicted dressed in Lincoln green, he is said to have robbed from the rich and given to the poor.

In the oldest known versions he is instead a member of the yeoman class. In some versions of the legend, he is depicted as being of noble birth, and in modern retellings he is sometimes depicted as having fought in the Crusades before returning to England to find his lands taken by the Sheriff. According to legend, he was a highly skilled archer and swordsman.

Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature and film.